Columbus Vocabulary

beam-  the width of a ship at its widest part

bilge- water that collects in the bottom of a ship

bow- the forward part of a ship

bowsprit- a long pole for sails sticking out of the bow of the ship

cargo- the goods that are carried on a ship, a plane, or a  vehicle

chip log and reel- device for measuring the speed of a vessel through the water. It consisted of a triangular piece of wood, weighted on one side and attached to a line with marked (knots) lengths. When thrown from the stern of a vessel the line was allowed to run out for a specified time. The number of knots that had come off the reel determined the vessel's speed. This traditional way of measuring is no longer used, but a ship's speed is still referred to in knots.

compass- An instrument whose magnetized metal needle aligns itself with the magnetic fields of the earth. This causes one end of the needle to point north. Mariners used this information to navigate the ship. The Chinese are said to have invented the first compass over 2000 years ago.

crow's nest- a platform high on a ship's mast used as a lookout

diagram- a drawing, sketch, plan, or chart that helps to make something easier to understand

draft- the amount of water needed for a ship to float when loaded

flagship- the ship carrying the commander of a group of ships and carrying his flag showing his rank

forecastle- the forward part of the upper deck of a ship; the living area for the crew in the front part of a ship

foremast- the mast nearest the bow of a ship

foresail- the lowest and largest sail on the foremast of a square-rigged ship

lateen- a triangular sail on a short mast

mainmast- the center mast

mainsail- the main sail on the mainmast

mast- a long pole that rises from the bottom of a ship a supports the sails and rigging

merchant- n: a buyer and seller of goods, one who carries on trade
                adj: used in trade

mizzenmast- the mast behind the mainmast in a ship

rigging- the ropes and chains used in working sails and supporting masts

spritsail- the sail on the bowsprit

stern-the rear end of a boat

tacking- to change the direction of a sailing ship by shifting the sails, or to sail into the wind

trimming- changing position in the water

topsail- the sail above the lower sail on a square-rigged ship

yard- a long pole tapered toward the ends that supports and spreads the top of a sail